EMW 340 Classic Cars for Sale

History of the EMW 340

The EMW 340, initially known as the BMW 340, emerged as a significant milestone in German automobile production after World War II. Manufactured at the Eisenach factory from 1949, the 340 continued the tradition of the BMW 326, integrating new bodywork and technical improvements. Its development was shaped by the unique political situation: the Eisenach plant, sitting within Soviet-occupied East Germany, became isolated from the Munich-based BMW headquarters in the West. After ongoing disputes and the eventual rebranding to Eisenacher Motorenwerk (EMW) in 1952, the model was sold as EMW 340 until at least 1953. Over 21,000 units—predominantly saloons and station wagons—were assembled, of which about 19,000 were exported from East Germany. The production concluded in 1955, marking the end of the EMW name as future models carried the Wartburg badge.

Model History

The EMW 340 replaced the BMW 321 and was rooted in the pre-war BMW 326. While sharing the engine and wheelbase with its predecessor, the 340 featured a revised steel body and several mechanical updates, such as a new oil filtration system and a change from floor-mounted to column gear shift. In addition to the standard four-door saloon, a five-door station wagon variant expanded its appeal. A coupe, later designated as the EMW 327, was produced in very limited numbers, echoing the revival of earlier BMW models. No direct successor followed after production ceased in 1955, as Eisenach’s automobile legacy transitioned to the Wartburg brand.

Highlights and Unique Features of the EMW 340

The EMW 340 blends technical curiosity and understated luxury. Its robust inline-six engine, advanced for its era, combined with details such as a distinctive oil filter powered by the clutch pedal and innovative gear linkage via steering column, illustrate its technical distinctiveness. The self-supporting steel body featured wooden elements for interior trim mounting, reflecting both engineering necessity and period authenticity. Thanks to its size, engine configuration, and style, the 340 was positioned as a premium option at a time when most cars downsized post-war. Notably, rare features such as the sliding sunroof and split-window design further mark this model out among contemporaries.

Technical Data

Special Editions and Collectible Models

The EMW 340 range included select models with factory options, such as the folding sunroof. Most notably, a coupe variant—based on the revived BMW 327—was produced in very small numbers and later designated as the EMW 327. The coupe’s production run was much shorter and limited, making these examples particularly interesting for connoisseurs.

Weak Spots and Common Issues

Although robustly built, the EMW 340 poses several challenges. Early models featured a gear linkage with steel wire, which often failed, prompting retrofits to conventional floor shifters in some cars. The unique oil filtration system, using clutch pedal drive and internal baffles, may require specialist knowledge or parts to service. Steel body panels and wooden interior mounts can be prone to rust and aging, making careful inspection essential. As restoration candidates, the need for spare parts—available but sometimes scarce—should be anticipated. Ongoing use is recommended to prevent common standing damage typical of infrequently used classics.

Engine and Performance, Transmission and Handling

The EMW 340’s 2-litre six-cylinder engine delivers relaxed cruising with adequate torque for a post-war saloon. While power output is moderate by later standards (55–57 hp), the freewheeling first and second gears combine with rear-wheel drive to deliver a period-appropriate driving experience with smooth shifting through the (often column-operated) gearbox. Suspension is classic for the era, employing leaf springs at the front and a live rear axle, resulting in comfortable ride quality but with handling characteristics typical of large 1950s sedans—soft, with pronounced body roll. The steering is rack-and-pinion for a more direct feel compared to pre-war designs. The majority of surviving EMW 340s are four-door saloons, with a small number of original station wagons and even fewer coupes. The folding sunroof variant is a particularly attractive original feature for collectors.

Interior, Comfort, Exterior and Design

The EMW 340 presents itself in classic pre-war BMW aesthetics, with clear roots in the 1930s yet adapted for post-war sensibilities. Its four-door steel body incorporates distinctive split windscreens and subtle period chrome detailing. The interior features a large steering wheel, column gearshift (on many variants), and simple, functional dashboard instrumentation. Unusual for the era, some models left the factory in Wehrmacht grey. Accessories such as a folding sunroof and classic hubcaps add to its period-correct ambience. The use of wood for interior trim mounting demonstrates the mix of resourceful design and available technology in East Germany during the early 1950s.

Other Features

Museum registration is feasible for EMW 340s, adding to their appeal for historic exhibitions. Restoration candidates are still found on the market, and a small but committed community supports the sourcing of required spare parts. In addition to European markets, many vehicles were exported, so survivors can occasionally be found outside Germany as well.

Summary

The EMW 340 is the embodiment of post-war German craftsmanship, blending legacy BMW technology with the Soviet-controlled Eisenach approach to resourceful engineering. Its rarity, technical uniqueness, and unmistakable period design secure its status as a highlight for classic car enthusiasts dedicated to authentic pre- and post-war motoring experiences.